Console: Last, but not least, is the console. Management and configuration is done on the console of individual devices, as are most troubleshooting and diagnostic procedures.
The whole problem arose in the russification of a new word in the IT market. On the one hand pure foreign borrowings coexist in this environment, on the other hand everyone loves russification. A little from the English dictionary:
I.e. router (or in the original Router) with this very suffix "er" – literally would be something like a route builder. The Russians simplified the translation solution and called it simply – "router". Bottom line:
It is the same device, just given different names in the translation. Now both are getting along.
Where does the confusion come from?
Nowhere, a lot of people are used to both names. Most people call this home device "router," which is how we got along. To take the word "modem" as an example – in everyday life it means both dial-up, 3G USB and ADSL. That is a true people's word – "router". And the pros use it much more often.
On the other hand, there is the official part. So in high school we were taught the competent word "router". That's how they write it in technical literature, where a formal syllable is required. That's also how the stores picked up on it:
At the same time, the consultants of these same stores themselves will call them "routers". So on paper it's a router, but in words it's a router. Rather, the people confusion arose precisely on this contrast. Rather, no one has written about this dependency yet, so it's almost a primary source)
How a router works
Let's take a very simplified example of how a router works for a home connected to a cable provider's Internet:
– The router turns on and loads its operating system from flash memory.
– Runs the configuration file last saved in NVRAM (non-volatile memory) and installs the necessary software and protocols.
– Then adds the address and subnet for each device to its routing table.
– When the router receives a web page request from your computer, it compares the destination IP address with its table and forms a packet using a hash key to indicate the exact route.
– It then passes the packet to the next interface-and the process repeats until it reaches the destination.
The algorithm is the same for any model. To see how to to configure an ASUS DSL-N12U WiFi routercan be found in the article.
Why do we need a router?
The main purpose is to connect networks and control certain types of broadcast traffic.
1. limiting broadcasting in the local network
Networks (especially Ethernet) use broadcast communication at the physical, data link, and network layers to transmit certain types of information to ensure operation (ARP, RARP, DHCP, IPX-SAP broadcasts, etc.).
As the number of hosts and the volume of traffic increase, normal communication becomes difficult. To reduce broadcasting, the system administrator divides a network with a large number of hosts into smaller ones. Which reduces and distributes the overall load.
2. default gateway.
In today's world, people want to access the World Wide Web through their gadgets. When you are going to communicate with someone, internet routers do this by sending data through a gateway.
A gateway is a local router connected to the same network that you are connected to. These devices work like this:
Based on the decision, they send information through another interface that's closer to the point you're looking for. There may be a number of these devices between you, so multiple routers take part in the transmission.
3. Moving Data
Router data has the ability to move from one network to another. This allows two networks to exchange data with each other.
Also performs "protocol conversion" if there is appropriate hardware and software to support such a function.
Packet lifetime
Dynamic router settings learn and announce routes only if they use specialized protocols such as: RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS or BGP. Otherwise, the user must configure routes manually, which is called static routing.
Routers work based on moving data based on transitions. If they move in a circle without reaching their destination, this is called routing loop. In this case, packets are transmitted until their lifetime expires. Time To Live – is a counter that is part of the IP datagram header. The lifetime value decreases as it passes through each router and eventually reaches zero and the packet is discarded.
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