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To transmit data over a wireless network, you need 3 components:

How Wi-Fi works: the principle of Wi-Fi wireless technology

In all countries of the world, the need for widespread wireless connections is constantly increasing, and this applies first and foremost to the field of business. Wi-Fi technologies are constantly in demand on the telecommunications market. They are used to form a local network with Internet access in various places of public use such as cafes, train stations, hotels, airports and so on.

Wireless modem is a transceiver, which uses the networks of mobile operators to organize information exchange. As a rule, to use cellular networks for communication in the modem must be inserted a SIM-card. Wireless modems can be part of various telemetry, dispatching and other similar equipment. It is possible to use a wireless modem instead of a telephone modem, for example, in vending machines, ATMs, as well as for embedding into various software and hardware complexes. Wireless modem is used wherever there is access to mobile communication and it is possible to connect various computer devices to the Internet to send e-mails, exchange files, etc.

History

We will not go on a journey of half a century or more, bypassing all the prototypes and developments. The "father" of Wi-Fi is considered an engineer at the Australian Astronomy Laboratory, John O'Sullivan. Under his leadership in 1997-1998 came what is used almost the entire world. Two years later the first IEEE 802.11a standard was registered, which is still widely used today.

Due to the high level of wave interference IEEE 802.11b was quickly developed, but it did not solve the main problem. The waves were also scattering and overlapping. However, this has been remedied by dividing the operating frequency range into channels.

After 10 years of development, the IEEE 802.22 standard appeared, supporting data transmission distances up to 100 km in a straight line. As of 2019, 18 IEEE 802.11 standards with different bandwidths and operating frequencies have been developed.

The term "Wi-Fi" is a hint of Hi-Fi, and is not deciphered in any way. However, it is generally accepted that the word comes from Wireless Fidelity – wireless fidelity.

How does Wi-fi work?

Moving on to the interesting and very important, understanding how wi-fi networks work you will be able to intelligently formulate their thoughts about Internet connections. So, in order for you to have a Wi-fi network at home you first need to wire the internet to your home.

After that, the Internet cable must be connected to special equipment – a router.

A router is a device that receives signals from the Internet, converts them into a so-called wi-fi network and transmits them to specific devices (phone, computer, TV).

How do I connect wi-fi at home?

As I said earlier, the first thing you need to do is to install the Internet in the house, apartment, office, the process is not complicated, you need to know what providers are working with your home, call them or visit the office, where they will accept the application for the laying of the Internet cable in your apartment.

You can find a suitable Internet provider through the service Inetme – just select the city, house and street to find out all the current offers for connection. All tariffs are up to date, so you only need to compare them and make a choice.

As a rule, you will be given several dates to choose from, you choose the most convenient for you when you can be at home, at the appointed time will come to the master and will install the internet cable in the place you need.

By the way, for the laying of cables do not take money, the company you choose does it at its own expense, you pay only for the selected rate of Internet connection, usually from 300 to 1000 rubles per month.

The monthly fee (tariff) will depend on the connection speed you choose.
For comfortable access choose the speed of 30 Mbps, about 400-500 rubles/month.

Once you have the cable, you can connect it to your computer and use the internet, but our goal is to have wi-fi network, so we move on. It is necessary to buy a router (some companies provide their routers), it is to him you will then connect the Internet cable, after that router will create an active wi-fi network, and already to it you can connect without any wires if only from a laptop or phone and here it is comfortable access to the Internet from anywhere in your apartment or house.

Tip 1: When discussing the conditions of connecting the Internet cable, ask what kind of router you should buy, because the choice in stores nowadays is quite large. The right advice on buying the right router will save you money and time.

Tip 2: Router when you connect will need to configure (once), if you do not have the slightest idea how to do it, I recommend to ask the master, who will come to lay the Internet cable. Let him configure it for you immediately (may require an additional fee for setup, about 500 rubles).

A little history: Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a technology of data transmission without wires. It is very convenient because it frees users of PCs and laptops from using the old-fashioned and eternally tangled under the feet of the wires. Wi-Fi was first used in a commercial laptop in 2000. At the time, it was a rarity. And there was not much point in having a transmitter in the laptop, because there were very few wireless access points. By 2002, the situation was changing. Wireless Internet began to grow in popularity. Well, you can now see for yourself how it ended. No mobile device can do without a Wi-Fi transmitter.

The most common Wi-Fi adapter standards are. b, n, g и ac. The first three do not differ from each other. But ac stands out noticeably due to its data transfer rate. It is several times faster than standard b-, n-, g-adapters. Many manufacturers are now installing in their devices transmitters of the ac. The most common frequency of Wi-Fi is 2.4 GHz. That would be fine, but Bluetooth works on this frequency. As well as microwaves and many other things. All of this interferes with the purity of the channel. But Wi-Fi technology is slowly moving to 5 GHz. Nothing will interfere with the wireless Internet there. But we got distracted. How to turn on wi-fi on an Acer laptop? Let's break down this topic step by step.

What do you need to do first?

In some cases, problems with the Wi-Fi transmitter have nothing to do with the model of the laptop. It's all about inattention and carelessness of some users. The most common problem with Wi-Fi is the lack of installed drivers for the adapter. If this is the case, there is no problem at all. It is enough to download the necessary drivers from the manufacturer's official website and install them. There are programs for any device on the Acer page. Therefore, this can not be considered a problem. It is very important to download the driver exactly for your laptop model. The fact is that there is no universal software, because the manufacturer installs different types and kinds of adapters in their devices. Therefore, you should not hope that the driver from Acer Ferrari will work for the Acer Aspire.

If after installing the driver Wi-Fi still does not "start", keep looking for the problem. Models such as the Acer 1000, 1690, 2012, 5610 have a special power button. It can be located anywhere: on the side, back, front, above the keyboard. If your Acer laptop's wi-fi doesn't work, it makes sense to look for such a button.

The most interesting thing is that it can look anything. Some models show an antenna on the button. If so, finding the switch won't be difficult. But in most models there is the most common key, which you need to find and press. Buttons in some models of Acer laptops have a light indication, which is very convenient. There is no need to puzzle over whether the transmitter is on or not.

DHCP is disabled on the router

Usually, the router automatically distributes IP addresses to all devices that connect to it. The built-in DHCP server is responsible for this. It is always on by default. But in some networks, administrators disable this option. In this case, you need to specify the IP address manually to connect.

Open the Wi-Fi settings in Android, select the desired network. Click on it and enter the password. Below, click on the link "Advanced Settings". And we get to a window where you need to manually specify the parameters for the connection.

Gateway is the IP address of the router you connect to. It must be checked with the administrator. Your IP is the first three digits of the router address and the last one is an arbitrary number from 2 to 254. You also need to tell the administrator. But you can enter any. If you have such an IP address, the phone will not connect. You will have to try another one. DNS servers can also be specified by your administrator. But here you can safely add Google DNS 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4.

Similarly static IP address is set up in any operating system.

Giving out the Internet

Your cell phone can not only connect to the Internet, but also distribute it to other devices, acting as an access point. For example, you can connect to a 4G network and enable Wi-Fi sharing. Then people near you will be able to use your Internet.

In Android, go into the settings and open "Network and Internet". Here, there is a section called "Access Point and Modem".

Click on it. There are several options available in this section. For example, you can allow to access the Internet on the phone with other devices via Bluetooth, or to share the Internet on the computer via USB-cable. But we are interested in the item "Wi-Fi hotspot".

By default, the access point is disabled. Go into this item, set the wireless network name and password. Move the switch at the top of the window to the "On" position.

Now your phone is turned into a mobile router and can distribute the Internet to other smartphones.

To do the same on your iPhone, go into your phone settings and go to "Cellular" or "Mobile Data". There is a "Modem Mode" option here.

Activate it. After that, set a password to connect via Wi-Fi.

On Windows phone, find the "Shared Internet" section in the settings. Activate this option, and then click the "Install" button at the bottom.

Wi-Fi network security algorithms

It's easier to intercept data in a wireless network than in a wired one, so Wi-Fi Alliance paid a lot of attention to security mechanisms and information integrity. These protocols are WEP, CCMP and TKIP.

WEP – is a weak cryptographic algorithm that uses a single key for encryption and decryption. Its use is not desirable.

TKIP – is an improved WEP that generates keys during the authentication phase. Because it uses the same encryption algorithm as its predecessor, it is not as secure.

CCMP – mandatory for modern devices and is based on one of the modes of the AES protocol. It ensures the integrity of received information and its confidentiality. For each session generates a new key.

Nowadays the main algorithm uses the WPA2 protection mechanism, which uses the cryptographic CCMP protocol and protects control frames (not only data frames).

What is a Wi-Fi router and what does it do?

Router or router is a device for organizing a network, connecting the various segments of the existing infrastructure. At the address of the recipient specified in the header of the packet (a formalized block of data transmitted over the network), it determines the best route to it and sends the data. If there is no route, the packet is dropped. In everyday life it is used as a wireless access point – it organizes general access to the Internet and local networks for quick data exchange between clients (computer, phone, tablet, laptop).

The most popular models, routers from D-Link, are equipped with 1-8 LAN-interfaces for connecting local networks and 1-2 WAN-ports for connecting local networks (enterprises, organizations, home) to provider networks.

Classic Wi-Fi router comes with a 4-port switch, WAN-interface and access point. Through it, customers exchange information and connect to a distribution system – mainly wired Internet, which is supplied by the provider via Ethernet. There are also USB models for connecting a network printer or wireless modem.

Routers operate in one (2.4 and 5 GHz) or two bands. Some models are capable of operating in multiple bands simultaneously, creating two or more access points. The difference between a router and an access point:

• Routers are able to connect clients from different networks, access points switch devices within the same network;
• transmission of packets by routers is based on IP analysis, access points work with MAC-addresses;
• routers support address translation – multiple devices have a single IP address to access the Internet;
• routers can be equipped with firewall functions and dynamic IP-addressing.

Working mode Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi can work in two modes, most often used infrastructure mode wifi in which there is wireless equipment, so-called access points, which connect to a wired network and then to the Internet. Now wifi is most often used to connect to the Internet. Therefore, infrastructure mode is the most popular.

Another connection option is also possible, a peer-to-peer network, where computers communicate without any access points, directly with each other.

The main standards of Wi-Fi:

IEEE 802.11 – Defines a set of protocols for the lowest data rates and is the basic WLAN standard.

IEEE 802.11a – The protocol is not compatible with 802.11b and carries higher data rates than 11b. Uses frequency channels in the 5GHz spectrum. Maximum throughput is up to 54Mbps.

IEEE 802.11b – This standard uses faster data rates and imposes more technological limits. Uses frequency channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum. Maximum throughput is up to 11Mbit/s.

IEEE 802.11g – Standard uses data rates equivalent to 11a. Uses frequency channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum. The protocol is compatible with 11b. Maximum throughput is up to 54Mbit/s.

IEEE 802.11n – This is currently the most advanced commercial Wi-Fi standard that uses frequency channels in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrum. Compatible with 11b/11a/11g. Maximum throughput up to 300 Mbps.

For a more detailed introduction, here is a comparison table of wireless communication standards, which contains detailed information about such technologies as: Wi-Fi, WiMax, Bluetooth v 1.1, Bluetooth v 2.0, Bluetooth v 3.0, UWB, ZigBee, infrared port.

It all works as follows. To the access point connected client devices: tablets, Smart TV, computers, laptops, PDAs, smartphones, and other mobile devices that have Wi-Fi adapters (receivers). And literally in a few seconds, a connection to the World Wide Web or local network is established.

The way the Internet is connected to the access point is not important.Access points are divided into public and private. Public access points offer Internet access for free or for a fee to an unlimited number of users. The latter are in principle used only for the needs of the owners. However, they can also be accessed if the network is not password-protected.

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